How Short Sale v. Foreclosure Affects Credit Scores

A key issue for clients facing a short sale or foreclosure is how each affects their credit score. There are a number of factors that favor a short sale over foreclosure.

If the homeowner is participating in the federal government's Home Affordable Foreclosure Alternatives (HAFA) Program, there are definite credit benefits to choosing a short sale over foreclosure. Recent changes to the HAFA Program dictate what the lender can state on the borrower's credit report after a short sale, and lessens the impact on the borrower's credit rating. Credit bureau reporting of HAFA transactions where the deficiency is forgiven is now to be reported as "Paid or closed account/zero balance" or "Account paid in full/a foreclosure was started", as applicable.   A short sale is usually reported as “Account paid for less than the full balance”, or similar statements which have a negative affect on the homeowner's credit score.

While doing a short sale will negatively affect credit, short sales by their very nature may well have a lesser effect on credit than foreclosures. For instance, a completed foreclosure means the borrower has, at a very minimum, missed six months of payments (often considerably more). The property has also gone through a completed foreclosure sale. So while a short sale negatively impacts credit, the effect has been shown to be less than a full blown foreclosure which followed months, if not years, of missed payments.

Here are a few additional benefits of doing a short sale v. foreclosure:

• With a short sale, the homeowner is in control of the sale, not the bank. In fact, today cash incentives may be available to homeowners who decide to do a short sale instead of foreclosure.
• When the consumer wants to obtain a loan to purchase a property in the future, more opportunities will be available to them sooner if they do a short sale. For example, contrary to popular belief, one can be current on their payments and still do a short sale.  And if a homeowner is current on their mortgage through a short sale, they can qualify for an FHA loan afterwards without any waiting periods.  The same option is not available following a foreclosure.
• Some people feel there is a much stronger social stigma attached to foreclosure as compared to a short sale.

Every homeowner's situation is different, so we always recommend speaking with a real estate attorney who can offer advice on the legal and tax implications for each individual's circumstances.   Washington Property Solutions partners with a highly respected real estate tax attorney who can answer any financial questions your client may have and help them make the right decision. Call us at 425-381-2233 and we can refer you for a consultation.

3 Landmines That Can Destroy a Short Sale

There are some assumptions that a short sale negotiator can make that will wreak havoc on the process.  Here are a few common mistakes inexperienced negotiatiors make, and tips on how to avoid them.

Landmine #1: Assuming lender approval of an offer will automatically postpone foreclosure proceedings. 

In Washington State, lender approval of a short sale does not automatically halt a foreclosure sale. Once foreclosure proceedings are initiated, there are three parties involved in your transaction: the lender's loss mitigation contact, the lender's foreclosure contact (who is in a separate department), and an independent local trustee who has been hired by the lender to sell the property at auction.  Once lender approval is obtained, the relevant parties are supposed to take the necessary steps to take the foreclosure sale off the calendar.  However, there are instances where that does not happen, and the results can be disastrous. We recommend that agents always follow up with the loss mitigation department and local trustee to make sure they've received directions to cancel the scheduled foreclosure.  

Landmine #2:  Assuming that the short sale approval letter includes satisfaction of the seller's debt. 

Lenders may or may not issue a short sale approval letter to satisfy the buyer's debt or waive the deficiency in full.  Unless it is clearly stated in writing that the debt will be satisfied or the deficiency waived, you should assume that it is not.  While it is getting better of late, lenders can be notoriously vague on this subject in many of their letters. If you receive an approval letter that does not clearly outline satisfaction or a full settlement of the debt, it may require you to do further negotiation with the lender on your client's behalf. 

Landmine #3:  Assuming all banks have the same timeline. 

In the over 800 short sale transactions we've completed, we have seen timelines vary significantly from bank to bank. In our experience, after mutual acceptance is received it can take from 30 to over 90 days to get lender consent, depending on the bank. The investor on the loan may require another level of approval, and the existence of second liens and mortgage insurance can add yet more time to the process.  Knowing individual lender timelines is key in managing the expectations of the buyer and seller upfront.  

Some good news: Banks that use the Equator system- including Bank of America, Wells Fargo and Nationstar- have sped up the process considerably. The system includes deadlines and specific lender contact information, so it adds a level of accountability that helps you identify bottlenecks in the process and allows you to escalate things if necessary.           

Chase and Bank of America Paying Large Cash Incentives for Homeowners to do Short Sales

If you know someone who is underwater on their mortgage and has their loan with Chase or Bank of America, there's some good news. Both banks have started paying significant cash incentives to encourage sellers to do a short sale and avoid foreclosure. We've had clients in the past month get checks for up to $30,000.  Find out more information about Chase and BofA relocation assistance programs.

New Washington State Laws Benefit Homeowners Doing Short Sales

The last week in March, the governor signed into law some significant changes that benefit homeowners involved in a short sale or facing foreclosure. If you have a client in either of these situations, you will want to let them know how they might benefit from these changes.

▪ Time Limitation for Collecting on Deficiency

A lender agreeing to the short sale of an owner-occupied property must now provide written notice of whether it intends to either waive or reserve its right to collect on the deficiency. Also, the time period to start legal proceedings to collect on a deficiency has been reduced from six years to three years. Again, these changes only apply to short sales of owner-occupied properties. They do not apply to foreclosures. In the case of foreclosures, a lender has up to six years to collect on a deficiency.

▪ Referral to Mediation

Homeowners that qualify for mediation under the Foreclosure Fairness Act may now be referred to mediation up to 20 days after a notice of trustee sale has been recorded. Prior to the change in the law, once a notice of trustee sale was recorded, a referral to mediation was no longer available.

▪ Time Period for Trustee's Sale

The time period between recording the notice of trustee sale and holding the trustee sale has been extended from 90 days to 120 days. This change applies to owners of owner-occupied residential properties who are entitled under the law to receive a letter from their lender notifying them of pre-foreclosure options.

The above is just a basic summary of several new changes. We always advise homeowners to consult an attorney regarding how these changes will affect their own situation.

How Does Short Sale vs. Foreclosure Affect Credit Ratings?

Many homeowners we work with have questions about how a short sale may affect their credit score, and how that compares with the implications of allowing your home to go into foreclosure.

The short answer is that both will lower your credit rating, however there are many benefits to choosing a short sale over foreclosure. We've put together more information about how short sales and foreclosures affect FICO scores on our website. It includes two documents that our colleagues at Windermere Mortgage Services created that may be helpful for clients who owe more than their home is worth and are looking at their available options:

The Impact of Short Sale and Foreclosure on Your Credit Score

How Your FICO Score is Calculated

10 Key Questions To Ask Short Sale Clients

When we get an initial call from a homeowner, they usually don't know if they need a short sale or not. In fact, they don't commonly know what a short sale is. To help determine where they are and what options are available to them we ask a standard set of questions. These key questions can help you discover how difficult the transaction will be, set proper expectations for the seller and position yourself as someone who can successfully solve their problem.

1) How many mortgages do you have and how much do you owe on each?

Since homeowners often don't know if they need a short sale or not, your first task is to determine the total amount of mortgage debt they have.

2) If you were to put your home on the market today, what do you think the price would be?

If the value the homeowner estimates for the home is less than what they owe, you know they're underwater. Keep in mind that most homeowners tend to overestimate the value of their home, but their opinion will give you a point to start your assessment.

In addition, the homeowner's estimate of the home's value is a valuable piece of information in managing their expectations and tempering your discussions. If a homeowner has a highly inflated view of the what their home is worth, you'll need to take some time to help them understand its current market value.

3) Are you current or behind on your payments?

If they're current, qualifying for a short sale is more difficult, though there are circumstances where it's possible. If they're behind, you can start to evaluate whether they will meet the criteria for financial hardship that lenders require for short sales.

4) Who are your mortgages with?

Because each lender has their own short sale process, knowing who the lenders are will help you determine potential recourse and timelines for approval. Knowing upfront how long the approval process takes will drive your marketing. For example, if Bank X is the lender and they take an average of 90 days for approval, you're looking at a five month process for closing. That timeline helps you define the type of buyer you need to find. If a buyer needs to move into a new home within 60 days, no matter how much they like the house, they're the wrong fit.

5) Have you received any notices from your lender?

This will help you determine the potential for foreclosure and the timeframe available to you to attempt a short sale. A Notice of Default is a private notification from the bank to the homeowner. It's the start of the foreclosure process. Generally, once your client has received a Notice of Default, you have less than four months to come to an agreement with the lender on a short sale. A Notice of Trustee Sale is a public notification from the lender indicating when the home will be put up for auction. If your client has already received a Notice of Trustee Sale, your timeline for finding a buyer and selling the home is significantly shortened.

6) Who is on the title?

It's surprising how many times homeowners aren't aware of who is on the title. A common scenario is a title that lists an ex-spouse, in which case that individual will need to be involved in the process as well. Pull the paperwork so you know who is legally obligated in the transaction.

7) Has the home been listed recently?

If it has, that listing price will help you determine what the market has established as its value.

8) How many beds and baths are there?

You want to gather information so you can accurately assess the value of the home. It's not unusual for a 2 bedroom/1 bath home to show up in the county records as having 2 bedroom/1 1/2 baths. This is also the time to ask about other qualities of the home that may negatively affect the value, such as a less than desirable location next to a freeway or a basement that floods regularly. When we work with brokers on negotiating a short sale, one of the critical steps is gathering information beyond the square footage and bed and bath count the lender will be relying on to value the property.

9) Does the home need any structural repairs?

If the home needs a new roof, you'll want to get bids that you can submit to the bank to help them set an appropriate price for the property that the market supports.

10) What's the best way for me to contact you?

Some clients prefer phone calls; others text or email. Calls during work hours are fine for some people and not for others. By respecting their preferences, you let your client know that communication is a priority for you. (Note: Lack of communication is one of the top complaints sellers have about the short sale process.)

Is a Short Sale Better Than a Foreclosure?

Washington Property Solutions is often asked about the benefits of a short sale versus foreclosure. In most cases, a short sale is considerably better. However, the issue is not about credit. Leave the credit conversation to a credit expert.

The pros/cons discussion should really be about how long someone will have to wait before buying again in the future.

We have combed through the latest information from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA and VA to compare the financing waiting periods between short sales and foreclosures. You can see from the chart below, that in many, many instances a short sale is a better outcome in the long run compared to a foreclosure.